Breast Cancer A World Health Problem Essay - 1131 Words

Breast cancer (BC) is a world health problem which is known to be the second most deadly malignancy in women (Veronesi et al., 2005;Alvarez.,2010;DeSantis et al., 2014). In 2010, annually worldwide 115 million patients have breast cancer resulting in 410,000 deaths (Kennecke et al., 2010) according to world cancer research fund international in 2012 nearly 1.7 million new cases diagnosed. This represents about 12% of all new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women. (Ferlay J et al., 2012 ). In 2014 Egypt represent the highest rates in the Middle East and North Africa around 18%. BC affects 121 per 100,000 people with a greater incidence among African Americans than other ethnic groups, while it affects 1 in 8 women with a total of about one million new cases per year worldwide of which 35% will eventually die in the Western world. BC is a complicated disease with several histological and molecular characteristics. A comprehensive understanding of the causes of breast cancer is essential to identifying new treatments and improve the current strategies for treatment and prevention of this disease. The mammary gland is a dynamic organ that goes through a lot of changes during the menstrual cycle, development, pregnancy, and lactation. Normal mammary gland development and homeostasis is a stem cell driven process and key signaling pathways have been identified that control these processes. More Evidence suggests that the same genes that control the development ofShow MoreRelatedThe Issues of Breast Cancer in Nigeria Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages‘mild breast lumps.’ It is an ailment that could lead to breast cancer. We are happy to see women respond to our awareness programs.† said Dr. Rosa Phil (1). In her article, Dr. Phil commends Mrs. Anyanwu for taking action against breast cancer as she recommends all women do the same. The issue of breast cancer is fast becoming a major one. There is a huge hole to be filled in the area of breast cancer awareness in Nigeria. An article posted in the ‘The Daily Trust’ titled, â€Å"Breast Cancer amongstRead MoreCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageshuman disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference to breast cancer and sickle cell anemia are the background information on these diseases, the general population affected, what gene/proteins are involved in these diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the experimental research, and the key advances/ problems relaying to treatment for the diseases. Understanding the background information and how much breast cancer affects peopleRead MoreWomen’S Health Issues Require Separate And Unique Attention1205 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s health issues require separate and unique attention from the medical world. Women represent the transition that society is also facing in regard to economics, health and wellness issues. ‘Healthy mind does, indeed produce a healthy body’. While, women are suffering from various health issues from past. Although, men and women share many health concerns. Women health issues include conditions that only effect women anatomy such as from child birth, pregnancy, menstruation till menopause. TheseRead MoreEssay On Health Care Insurance810 Words   |  4 PagesThree Major Cancers to be Covered by Insurance in Dubai in 2018 The health insurance industry in United Arab Emirates (UAE) has change dramatically in the past few years. The authorities moved to a mandatory health insurance coverage and a new initiative has increased the coverage and care people can expect from their insurance packages. The Dubai Health Authority (DHA) announced at the start of December that it’s planning to launch a new initiative called Basmah. The initiative would mean thatRead More Cancer Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, cancer prevalence has been increasing globally. It is now one of the top 10 causes of death among the middle and high income countries worldwide (World Health Organisation, 2008). In Singapore, cancer has surpassed cardiovascular disease and become the top killer over the last 3 years (Ministry of Health, 2007). Breast cancer tops the chart among Singaporean women (Health Promotion Board, 2007). Thousands of women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually and it causes approximatelyRead More Breast Cancer: The Epidemic Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesmammograms? Breast cancer is an epidemic that plagues women, even though some men can get it. According to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too† (Breast Cancer). Today many women are becoming diagnosed with breast cancer. ItRead Moreâ€Å"Estimated to be diagnosed in 1 of every 8 women in their lifetime, breast cancer continues to1000 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Estimated to be diagnosed in 1 of every 8 women in their lifetime, breast cancer continues to present a public health concern (Haber 2322)†. Breast cancer is not biased. It affects men and women of all races and ages. â€Å"Cancer represents 30% of the burden posed by no communicable diseases in the Region of the Americas of the World Health Organization (Luciani, Silvana 640)†. In men it affects less than 1 percent of the population. Routine mammograms and checkups are not only healthy but can alsoRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer1309 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease occurring in women in Saudi society. After study and research, it found that two-thirds of the injuries in the Saudi society are diagnosed in advanced stages. The reasons for that are the lack of education for necessary of Self-examination and clinical examination annual, leading to the spread of the disease further. In addition to genetic changes, environmental pollution, bad lifestyle , Obesity ,Lack of exercise are also factorsRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Implants Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pages Breast Implants In recent years, the demand for this ‘appearance medicine’ has increased rapidly, largely in response to unrealistic media images of ‘perfect’ faces and bodies alike. In Aotearoa New Zealand, doctors who are not qualified as surgeons may perform cosmetic procedures, including invasive surgery. As with any form of major surgery, there are certain risks and side effects linked with cosmetic surgery and variations betweenRead MoreSpeech On Health And Health1220 Words   |  5 PagesHealth promotion remains an important topic for discussion both locally and nationally. It provides a unique opportunity to empower people to make informed choices regarding key health-related behaviors, such as tobacco and alcohol use, sexual practices, dietary choices and physical activity. Good health is an affair which should involve the participation of everyone in the community. Annually, thousands of local residents lose their lives because they do not seek health screening which might prevent

Alice In Wonderland Compare And Contrast Essay - 1830 Words

The two texts that will be compared are, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland novel written by Lewis Carroll and Alice in wonderland the film, directed by Tim Burton. The purpose of comparing these two texts are too discover the differences and similarities between the original story and the film produced. Alice’s adventures in Wonderland was written in 1864 but this story originated from Charles L. Dodgson, who rowed a boat North-West of a village in Godstow with three girls, one being called Alice. Alice asked Charles to write that story down and this story then travelled the North-West of Godstow until Lewis Carroll published a remake in 1864. In 2010, Tim Burton’s purpose of the film Alice in Wonderland, was to let Alice go back to†¦show more content†¦Humpty dumpty asked Alice how old she was, and Alice replied with â€Å"Seven and a Half† humpty then said â€Å"Now if you ask me I would have left at seven† this was a way for the readers to realise that Alice was young and what she was doing was brave for her age. Whereas the film, Alice had an attitude and never did anything that sounds â€Å"ridiculous† to her or didn t fit her style. She followed her heart and did what made sense to her. In the film Alice’s mother had an arranged engagement party for Hamish, Alice’s soon to be husband, that Alice did not want, she had different expectations on everything compared to her mother and family members. Hamish’s mother and many other that come across Alice through her adventures state that â€Å"Alice you should do what you believe is the right choice† displaying that they know she is independant and can make choice herself. This also included scenes through the film, to demonstrate her independence. At the start of the film Alice was portrayed as a confused girl, continuously saying â€Å"I am Alice† and â€Å"I’m the right Alice†, without knowing what she has to do for Wonderland. As the film continues, Alice starts to know her purpose and understand why she is there, adventuring through the wonders of wonderland by herself. In this scene Alice is locked away in the red queen’s castle and for her way of getting out is persuading the red queen’s creature. At the start of the film, the dormouse saved Alice from the red queen’s animal byShow MoreRelatedHobbit Shake Guide6595 Words   |  27 Pagesdwarves? 5.What two things does Gandalf give Thorin? 6.How did the dwarves lose their treasure and kingdom? Vocabulary audacious (29) rune (32) abreast (32) legendary (34) obstinately (34) prudent (34) remuneration (34) necromancer (37) Discussion and Essay Topics 1. What does the word hobbit make you think of? (The possibilities include rabbit, hobby, Babbit, habit and hob. The word is probably best seen as a blend of rabbit and hob, an obsolete British word meaning a rustic, peasant or sprite, elfRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 PagesShakespeare’s Sonnets William Shakespeare The Sonnet Form A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter—that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable, as in: â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?† The sonnet form first became popular during the Italian Renaissance, when the poet Petrarch published a sequence of love sonnets addressed to an idealized woman named Laura. Taking firm hold among Italian poets, the sonnetRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagesaspect of the business . During the 1920s, and 1930s the Hollywood film studios undertook a major evolutionary period. The inception of the Hollywood ‘studio system’ was to change the film making process radically. The following essay will examine how these changes took place, and what impact it had on the film making industry in America. We shall also examine how the system relates to the current production methods used in film making. The main issues raised withinRead MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 PagesTherapeutic Roots of the Consumer Culture, 1880-1930 T. J. Jackson Lears Lears, T.J. Jackson 1983. From salvation to self-realization: Advertising and the therapeutic roots of the consumer culture, 1880-1930. In The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History, 18801980, ed. by Richard Wightman Fox and T.J. Jackson Lears, New York: Pantheon Books, 1-38. Reprinted with the permission of the author. 1On or about December 1910, Virginia Woolf once said, human character changed. ThisRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce yourRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPASSWORD-PROTECTED ASSESSMENT WEB SITE If your instructor has signed up for this object, an access-code-protected Web site is available so you can take the Skill Assessments in the book online and receive immediate, real-time feedback on how your scores compare with those of thousands of other students in our PREFACE xix ever-expanding database. (Two assessments in the book—â€Å"Source of Personal Stress† in Chapter 2 and the â€Å"Best-Self Feedback Exercise† in Chapter 10—are not available online.) COURSESMARTRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesnot-for-profit world sometime seems comparatively complicated because the goals of these organizations are often difficult to articulate. The goal of the for-profit organization is to make money for its owners, and this goal is fairly straightforward. Contrast it with the â€Å"serving society† or â€Å"doing good† goal of a not-for-profit; that goal could be interpreted in many different ways. Not only do managers in not-for-profits sometimes have more trouble setting goals, but it can be equally hard to assess

Coolidge vs New Hapmshire Essay Example For Students

Coolidge vs New Hapmshire Essay Guston had three distinct phases or styles during his artistic career, all of them remarkably successful. After first working as a muralist in a relatively realistic style, he became prominent in the late 1940s and early 1950s as part of the abstract expressionism movement. Beginning in the late 1960s, his late period of clunky, expressive paintings of the human form marked the start of a revolt against the abstract style that had dominated American painting since the early 1950s. Born Philip Goldstein in Montreal, Canada, Guston moved with his Russian-Jewish emigr parents to Los Angeles, California in 1919. His father committed suicide in 1920. In 1927 Guston attended Manual Arts High School, together with American artist Jackson Pollock; both were expelled in 1928. Guston never returned, and his only other formal schooling was three months at the Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles in 1930. In 1935 he moved to New York City, and in 1937 married poet Musa McKim and changed his name. During World War II (1939-1945) Guston taught art at the University of Iowa in Iowa City. During his early artistic phase, which lasted from his youth in California until the late 1940s, he painted the human form in a style influenced by the abstract geometry of European modernism and the patriotic themes of Mexican mural painting. Guston painted murals for the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project between 1935 and 1940, executing, among other projects, a major commission for the 1939 New York Worlds Fair: Maintaining Americas Skills (now destroyed). None of his murals have survived, but canvases that he also worked on during this period, such as Bombardment (1937-1938, Estate of Philip Guston) and The Gladiators (1938, The Edward R. Broida Trust, Los Angeles), are allegories (symbolic stories) with a strong strain of social protest. By the late 1940s Guston was turning increasingly to abstraction, and by the early 1950s he was a prominent figure-along with Pollock-in the so-called New York school of abstract expressionist painters. Abstractions such as Painting (1954) and The Clock (1956-1957), both in the Museum of Modern Art, New York, though quite different from each other, are typical of Gustons middle period. Both are marked by a concentration of short strokes of high-pitched colors, jumbled at the center of a field of lighter color. By the late 1960s, Guston had abandoned abstraction, instead drawing cartoonish heads, clocks, lightbulbs, and hooded figures recalling the Ku Klux Klan figure in his early painting The Conspirators (1932, location unknown). In 1970 he exhibited these radically different paintings for the first time, in a major show in New York City. Reviews were harshly negative, and former friends shunned him. Guston withdrew from the New York City art scene, spending most of his time in Woodstock, New York, and forming close friendships with American poets Bill Berkson, Clark Coolidge, William Corbett, and Stanley Kunitz, all of whom, in addition to Musa McKim, he collaborated with on a series of projects that he called his Poem Pictures. Guston painted at a steady pace throughout the 1970s, producing works in which lone, sometimes hooded figures or disembodied heads, eyeballs, or feet typically lurk in apocalyptic junkyards scattered with clocks, bricks and other debris. Painting, Smoking, Eating (1973, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), is a self-portrait showing Guston in his studio, which is piled with shoes and lit by a naked lightbulb. The dark subject matter in these works belies their cheerfully naive painting style. Of Gustons three phases, the last proved most influential on a subsequent generation of artists, the figurative neoexpressionists of the 1980s, including American painter Julian Schnabel and German painter Georg Baselitz, in whose work the impact of Gustons expressive and unique imagery is evident.

Redundant Storage-Data Manipulation & Networking and the Internet

Question: Describe about the Storage Redundancy,Data computation-"Moore's Law" and Transport Layer Protocol? Answers: Storage Redundancy Storage redundancy involves the duplicity in the storage of data. It is a condition that is created within a database in which the same is place in two separate spaces. Storage redundancy is commonly known as data redundancy. It can be two different fields in a single database, or in multiple software platforms. Whenever data is repeated, this is known as data redundancy. Storage redundancy may occur by accident, but sometime it is also done intentionally for backup and recovery purposes. In a general manner data redundancy has different classifications that are based on what is most appropriate in database management, and what is wasteful or excessive. Wasteful storage redundancy normally occurs when a given data need not to be repeated, but it ends up being duplicated because of coding inefficiency or process complexity. Cons and pros of Storage redundancy A positive approach of data redundancy works as a safeguard for data that promote consistency. Many web masters consider it acceptable to store data at multiple places. The key point is to have focused master space for this data to be stored, so that it gives a way to update all of the places wherever data redundancy occur, via that central access point. On the other hand, data redundancy will be a big problem if there is no central access point, with data inconsistency, where update in one does not automatically update another. As a result, the data that are supposed to be same end up with different values. So storage redundancy is not perfect, and has its pros and cons. Pros of storage redundancy: The most obvious virtue of storage redundancy is that it protects data in case of drive failure in real time. It means if the internal drives in a RAID fails, when you are working on a file but one of the storage device is working normally. It will indicate that one of your internal drives has encounter error or fails, and offers you to the chance to back up your important data and replace the drive. Then your device will blend the replaced drive itself to become part of the RAID. During that time, the storage device is still available. In short, storage redundancy gives you the facility of data protection and though internal part will fail another will be there to back up the data. Cons of redundancy: The first limitation of redundancy is the cost; you have to spend bugs on multiple drives. For example RAID 1 setup, basically requires spending just double on internal drives. Another disadvantage of storage redundancy is that it doesn't provide protection to data against physical disaster, like fire or flood. Storage Redundancy also doesn't offer facility of versioning, which include the data saving in different versions. Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk RAID is a virtualization technology used to store data that combines the number of disk drives into a logical unit to improve the data redundancy and performance. RAID enables the information to access several disks. Many techniques such as striping (RAID Level 0), mirroring (RAID Level 1), and parity (RAID Level 5) are involved in RAID to achieve redundancy, increased bandwidth, lower latency, and maximized ability to recover. RAID distributes pieces of data across every drive in the array. Then RAID breaks down the data into chunks. Then each chunk is written to the hard drive in the RAID in accordance to the employed RAID level. When the data is read, the process will be reversed, showing illusion that the number of drives is actually one large drive. Below are several levels choices that are most commonly used. RAID 0 Striping RAID 0 level consists of striping, without parity or mirroring. The capacity of a RAID 0 is the sum of the disks capacities in the set. There is no additional data redundancy to handle disk failures, just as a spanned volume. Therefore, failure of one disk causes the entire RAID 0 volumes lost. It reduces the possibilities of recovery of data while compared to a broken volume. Data Striping distributes the files contents roughly among all disks, which makes concurrent write or read operations on the numbers of disks. The concurrent read or write operations make the profit of most write and read operations that is equal to the output of one disk multiplied by the multiple disks. Increased output is the big profit of RAID 0 i.e. Striping. RAID 1Mirroring RAID 1 is also known as mirroring, without striping or parity. In this approach, data is written to two or more drives, producing a "mirrored set". Any read request will be serviced by any drive in the mirrored set. If a request is broadcast to each drive in the given set, this request can be serviced by the drive which first accesses the data, improving the performance. Sustained read output, approaches the sum of outputs of each drive, just as for RAID 0. Actual throughput of most RAID 1 is slower than the fastest drive. RAID 2 RAID 2 includes a bit-level striping with Hamming-code parity. All the disk spindle rotation can be synchronized and the data is striped in such a way that each sequential bit is placed on a different drive. Hamming parity is evaluated across the corresponding bits and finally stored on one parity drive. RAID 3 RAID 3 includes the byte-level striping with concerned parity. Rotation of all disks spindle is synchronized and the piece of data is striped in such a way that each byte is on a different drive. The parity is evaluated across corresponding bytes and finally stored on a dedicated parity drive. RAID 4 RAID 4 includes the block-level striping with parity. This striping was previously used by Net App, but has now replaced by an implementation of RAID 4 with two parity disks. RAID 5 RAID 5 includes the block-level striping with dedicated parity. In this approach, parity information is divided among the distinct drives. It requires that all the disks drives but one to operate. On the failure of single drive, subsequent reads can be evaluated from the distributed parity in such a way that no data is lost. It requires at least three disks and seriously affected by trends and chance of failure during rebuild. RAID 6 RAID 6 includes the block-level striping with double parity. Double distributed parity gives fault tolerance for two failed drives. It makes larger RAID groups especially for high-availability systems. The large-capacity drives take longer to restore. In single drive failure reduce the performance of entire array. The larger the size of drive capacities and the larger the size of array results to choose RAID 6 instead of RAID 5. Data computationMoores law Moores Law is a computing term which came into existence in around 1970. The most simplified version of Moores law states that the overall processor speeds, or power for computers will be double in every two years. The technicians from different companies of computer prove that the Moores law is not very popular but the formula is still accepted. To divide the law even further, it is specifically said that the number of transistors that are embedded on an affordable CPU would get double in every two years but more transistors is more accurate. In fact, the next-generation of processors, have to contend with a memory bottleneck which is known as the bandwidth between the CPU and a computers memory channels or the instruction level parallelism (ILP) or the availability of discrete parallel instructions and the chips temperature and power consumption. The power wall now defines the limit of the speed of the modern CPU. As the processors have become more capable, the heat production as well as energy consumption has grown rapidly. Due to this problem, chip manufacturers have been forced to create systems on a chip smaller, specialized processors. What is Interrupt Request? An interrupt request is a signal that is sent from a device to a processor. It indicates that attention is required in order to process a request. A hardware interrupt request is induced by hardware peripheral while a software interrupt request is induced by software instruction. The result of both IRQ in processor status savings, and revert IRQ serving use an interrupt handler routine. Interrupts are used for computing multitasking and eliminate the requirement for the processor to sample the lines when waiting for external events. An interrupt request is made to the processor by using programmable interrupt controllers (PICs) that manage the interrupts. It can be level-triggered interrupt or edge-triggered interrupt. Level-triggered indicate that the line is held via the device at active level, interrupt triggering until it is served. Edge-triggered indicate that the device interrupt the line from level 1 to 0. Interrupt request levels are assigned to devices so that it indicate their identities. IRQ can be categorized into the following types: Maskable interrupt (IRQ): A maskable interrupt is a hardware interrupt that can be ignored through setting bit in an interrupt mask register's (IMR). Non-maskable interrupts (NMI): It is hardware interrupt that deficient an associated bit-mask. Non Maskable Interrupts are used for the maximum priority tasks like timers. Inter-processor interrupts (IPI): It is a special interrupt case that is generated by one processor to another processor in multiprocessor system. Software interrupt: It is an interrupt that is generated within a processor by instruction. Software interrupts are used for system implementation because they give subroutine call with a CPU. Spurious interrupt: It is an unwanted hardware interrupt that are typically generated by conditions of system like electrical interference through incorrectly designed hardware. Processors have an internal interrupt mask that allows software to ignore external hardware interrupts. Setting this mask can be faster than interrupt mask register (IMR) access in a PIC. It also disables interrupts in the device itself. Interrupts disabling and enabling act as a memory barrier that may actually be slower. An interrupt which leaves the well defined machine is called a precise interrupt. These interrupt has four properties: The Program Counter (PC) is saved in a known place. The instruction pointed to execution state by the PC is known. No more than one pointed instruction has been executed by the PC. All instructions by the PC have fully executed. Internet and computer networking errors Data transferred on internet sometimes become changed between the receiver and senders time. This may be occurs for a various reasons, but modern network protocols now support "error checking and correction. The numeric values of all the data bytes in the packet are added up, the output is then used to know whether the received packet was correct or not. This process is known as checksum. If receiving node detects wrong packet means if the received checksum doesn't match the sum of received bytes , the request message is sent for the another copy of packet. Transport layer protocol The TCP/IP Transport Layer suite has many protocols that operate at the Transport level. Transport Layer is responsible for establishing the connection. It manages connection oriented streams, reliable transport, flow control and multiplexing. Following are the two most important protocols for the transport layer. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) It handles the transmission of the data packets from the Application Layer. If a large file needs to be received, TCP manages the IP packets from the below layer. TCP arrange the packets into sequential order. It also takes smaller IP packets and merges them into the originally sent file. If a data packet is not received, TCP send an acknowledgment message for packet retransmission. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP is similar to TCP, but there is no guarantee of delivery in this protocol. UDP has a minimum overhead as it does not send the acknowledgments of packet receipt or order of receiving or retransmission of data. If the packets are out of order or lost, then theses packets are skipped. What is the difference between Client-Server and Peer to Peer Network in distributed computer system? Peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a decentralized communications model in which either party can initiate a communication session. The client/server model is a centralized communication model in which the client makes a request and the server will fulfills their request. The main difference between peer to peer and client-server systems is that in the client-server model, there are clients that request for services and the servers provide services to the clients, but in peer to peer systems, peers act as both consumer as well as service providers. Further, client-server systems has a central file server and its implementation is expensive than peer to peer model. While in the client-server model, a dedicated file server provides an access level to the clients, by providing better security. But in peer to peer systems, the security is handled by end users. Moreover, peer to peer networks also suffer in performance as the nodes increases, but client-server systems are stable than P2P and could be scaled as per the need. Therefore, selecting one is dependent on the environment that of implementation. References 1. Jacobson, Michael B., et al (1995). "Memory systems with data storage redundancy management." U.S. Patent No. 5,392,244. 21 Feb. 1995. 2. Kimmel, Jeffrey S., Sunitha S. Sankar, and Tomislav Grcanac (2009). "Lost write detection in a storage redundancy layer of a storage server."S. Patent No. 7,549,089. 3. Vachuka, J., and M. VoboÃ…â„ ¢il (1971). "Kinetic data computation from non-isothermal thermogravimetric curves of non-uniform heating rate." Thermochimica Acta 2.5: 379-392. 4. Yan, Zhixian, et al (2013). "Semantic trajectories: Mobility data computation and annotation." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST) 4.3: 49. 5 Singh, Hartej, et al (2000). "MorphoSys: an integrated reconfigurable system for data-parallel and computation-intensive applications." Computers, IEEE Transactions on 49.5: 465-481. 6. Comer, Douglas E (2000). The Internet book: everything you need to know about computer networking and how the Internet works. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7. Perkins, Charles E (1998). "Mobile networking in the Internet." Mobile Networks and Applications4: 319-334. 8. Goleniewski, Lillian (2002). Telecommunications essentials: the complete global source for communications fundamentals, data networking and the Internet, and next-generation networks. Addison-Wesley Professional.

Strategies for Entering New Markets

Comparison of Mumbai and New York

Comparison of Mumbai and New York Introduction The City of New York and Mumbai City are some of the largest cities in the world. An analysis of the socio-political structure of these cities will reveal a number of factors that make them different. According to Bhagat and Mohua (2006, p. 340), the socio-political structure of a city is always defined closely by the cultural and social practices of its people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Mumbai and New York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that although New York City could be sharing a number of similarities with Mumbai City, the two have different socio-political settings. In order to understand these cities, it is important to analyze their leadership structure, efficiency in service delivery, transport system, and housing. New York City Governance New York City is a metropolitan municipality with the government formed by the mayor council. The City Council of New York is unicameral body with 51 members of the council. The people of this city directly elect the mayor and the 51 councilors. They have the mandate to oversee the management of the city. However, this council must work closely with the governor of this state and the central government. The governor of this city also has a central role to play in the management of this city. The governor works closely with the council to identify issues that will be addressed at the council level, state level or national level. The national government- through its three arms, executive, judiciary, and legislature- also has a role to play in the management of this city. Efficiency The management of New York City in terms of efficacy is based on various factors. When analyzing the capacity of this city based on how well its leaders offer quality services to the residents, a number of factors come out clearly. For instance, this city has a clear system of managing wastes at all times of the day. It is rare t o come across litters in this city. The management of this city has been able to take care of such issues as availability of water and the drainage system to sustain the rising number of its residents. This means that, in terms of efficacy, the City of New York can be highly graded compared to other cities in the world. In this city, the government knows that the public depends on the trust given to the office holders to get what they need from this government. This has encouraged ethics among the stakeholders and transparency in every activity they undertake.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transport Transport system in this city is advanced, making movement from one place to the other very easy. One fact that has helped ease congestion in this city despite its massive population is the fact that it is a 24-hour economy, reducing the hustle experienced in other cities during peak hours. Most of the New Yoke residents have also embraced mass transit as a way of easing traffic. Culhane and Metraux 1999, p. 220) say, â€Å"Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, is the most complex and extensive in North America.† This has helped in freeing the traffic at all times of the day. With some state-of-the-art electric train, improved air, and road transport, this city has one of the best traffic flows in the world. Housing The City of New York has adequate housing facilities for its residents. The central government, the state government, and the council have worked over the years to eliminate informal dwellings in this city. Based on the definition of a slum given by UN-Habitat, this city does not have slums. The city has some of the most affluent housing units in the world. Although there is income disparity among the dwellers of this city, the government has been keen to ensure that all city dwellers have formal settlements. Mumbai City Governance The City of Mumbai is governed by 227 councilors representing 24 municipal wards who are directly elected by people of this country. The council has a mayor who chairs meetings of the council. However, the mayor’s position and the position of deputy mayor are ceremonial. The executive powers in the management of this city lie with the Municipal commissioner who has a two-and-a-half year tenure at this office. Efficiency The council of Mumbai City has limited capacity to manage its wastes, especially at night. One can easily sport dirt within the city center at night. In some of the residential areas of this city, the increasing population overwhelms the sewer lines. Some of them have blocked, while others are openly flowing. This is hazardous to the public, and the failure can directly be attributed to the planners of this city. Transparency and ethical behavior in the two cities also differ a great deal. Transparency International has rate d Mumbai City government as one of the most corrupt cities in the world. The management of this council has vested personal interest and do not give much focus on the needs of the public. This has made the council to enact numerous by-laws meant to increase avenues for corruption.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Mumbai and New York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transport Transport system in Mumbai has faced a number of serious challenges. Alford (2012, p. 5) says, â€Å"Mumbai’s transport system has been considered as one of the most congested system in the world.† This scholar says that this city has constantly been struggling with the issue of traffic congestion, especially during peak hours. Although the government has struggled to expand road and rail transport- that are the commonly used- within the city, a lot of traffic congestion is still being experienced in the morning and ev ening hours. For instance, Smith and Kurtz (2003, p. 210) observes that at peak hours, a train that should be carrying 1700 passengers would be forced to carry up to 4500 passengers. This is almost three times the standard capacity. Housing The housing system in Mumbai is relatively poor when compared to that of other major cities in the world. The rising population of migrants overwhelms the capacity of this city housing units. According to Stalter and Munir (2002, p. 75), the City of Mumbai has experienced a massive rise in slums due to the incapacity of the city’s management to develop proper housing units. Over 70% of the city dwellers in this city stay in slums. A big percentage occupies less than 6% of the total land area of the city. This clearly brings out the massive congestion that is experienced at these slums. A few affluent residents of this city can afford to stay in luxurious estates of this country. It is estimated that the growth of informal settlements withi n this city is higher than the overall rate at which this city grows. List of References Alford, M 2012, Mumbai, India: The Metamorphosis of a City, World Literature Today, vol. 86, no. 3, p. 5. Bhagat, B Mohua, G 2006, Mumbai after Deluge: Issues and Concerns in Urban Planning, Population and Environment, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 337-349. Culhane, D Metraux, S 1999, One-Year Rates of Public Shelter Utilization by Race, Ethnicity, Age, Sex and Poverty Status for New York City, Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 219-236.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Smith, C Kurtz, H 2003, Community Gardens and Politics of Scale in New York City, Geographical Review, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 193-212. Stalter, R Munir, A 2002, The Vascular Flora of Hoffman and Swinburne Islands, New York Harbor, New York. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 77-82.

Gender and Sexuality Terms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender and Sexuality Terms - Assignment Example ription of sexuality and the behaviors aligned with included;- asexuality which was referred to as the lack of interest to anyone of either gender or lack of sexual interest or activity. This further gave rise to a more detailed explanation with the terms heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual taking the new role in describing the new traits. There has been intensified research that has been aimed at explaining the relationship between Sociological, psychological and biological aspects that lead to the above behaviors. Whereas heterosexual is the attraction to the opposite gender, homosexual refers to attraction to the same gender and bisexual the sexual attraction to both males and females. The research and detailed analysis of the biological aspects has given rise to new terms in the field. The newest are demisexual and pansexual and they are discussed as they relate to gender and sexuality. Pansexual is the new term that is used to refer to individuals who are attracted to individuals of both genders. It is used alternatively with the term polysexual. Katz stated that ‘the new terms are used to explain the upcoming behaviors in the gender and sexuality field and to try and establish the relationship between the aspects that lead to the hotly debated trends like homosexuality’ (23). Whereas many scientists claim that there is no link between biology and the behaviors that one usually exhibit, research has shown a significant correlation between the two and they are almost totally convinced that there is a relationship between the two. This is happening as more queer and LGBT people are seeking to have acceptance in the society which is proving somehow rigid to the new trends and behaviors. On the other hand demisexuals are persons who are only attracted to a person sexually after they become deeply emotionally or romantically connected. This should not be confused with the deliberate abstaining from sexual approaches. Demisexuals have been explained as those