Section 5 Essays

Section 5 Essays Section 5 Paper Section 5 Paper What is a trophic state of a water body, and what factors influence this state? †¦? Factors influencing are P, Chlorophyll, and turbidity.Temperature, pH, sediment load, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metalsOligotrophic: BlueEutrophic: GreenMesotrophic: In between. What factors affect the temperature of a water body? Water upstream, ground water vs. surface run off. What factors affect the pH of a water body? Acids and bases. Inputs and by alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity. What factors affect the dissolved oxygen of a water body? Affected by temperature, altitude, turbulence, and partial pressure in the dissolved phase (autotrophs). Oxygenating bodies increases degradation of organic matter load and can be applied as a restoration technique. How can high sediment load impair water quality? It delivers nutrients and toxins, shade water columns, fills pore space, water temperature, habitat†¦? Which two elements are â€Å"nutrients†, and what are sources of these nutrients to water bodies? Nitrogen and Phosphorous – most commonly limit growth of aquatic plants and algae. Sources: Natural fixation, fertilized, fossil fuel combustion. Define eutrophication, and list some of its harmful consequences. Process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. Negative effects can include hypoxia (depletion of oxygen in the water†¦ can result in reductions in fish and other animal populations). Excessive algae, their death results in depletion of oxygen in water. Related Papers Lab interreach variability The Nitrogen Cycle Changes in the Earth’s Atmosphere Human Influences on the Environment My Role in Preserving Natural Resources Pond Water Section 6: Juliet is alone on stage What is a Sewage Treatment Plant? How to cite this page Choose cite format: Section 5. (2018, Feb 04). 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Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now section 5 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Orchestration The technique of setting music for instruments in various combinations. Page 192 Through-composed Song structure that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of large sections. Page 196 Modified strophic form Song structure that combines elements of strophic and through-composed forms; a variation of strophic form in which a section might have a new key, rhythm, or varied melodic pattern. Page 196 Lied German for song; most commonly associated with the solo art song of the nineteenth century, usually accompanied by piano. Page 195 Lieder Plural of Lied. Page 196 Song cycle Group of songs, usually Lieder, that are unified musically or through their texts. Page 196 Art song A song that sets a text connected to a tradition of high-art poetry. See also Lied. Page 195 Strophic form Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem. Page 196 Rubato Borrowed time; common in Romantic music, in which the performer hesitates here or hurries forward there, imparting flexibility to the written note values. Also tempo rubato. Page 204 Minstrel shows Racially charged theatrical variety shows featuring white performers in blackface, acting out idealized scenes from the plantation. Page 212 Minstrelsy See minstrel show. Page 213 Absolute music Music that has no literary, dramatic, or pictorial program. Also called pure music. Page 228 Bel canto Beautiful singing; elegant Italian vocal style characterized by florid melodic lines delivered by voices of great agility, smoothness, and purity of tone. Page 234 Impressionism A French movement developed by visual artists who favored vague, blurring images intended to capture an impression of the subject. Impressionism in music is characterized by exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, parallel chords, rich orchestral tone color, and free rhythm. Page 256 Ninth chord Five-note chord spanning a ninth between its lowest and highest pitches. Page 256 Program music Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations, especially popular in the nineteenth century. Page 216 Thematic transformation Musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony, or rhythm. Also thematic transformation. Page 218 Singspiel Comic German drama with spoken dialogue; the immediate predecessor of Romantic German opera. Page 242 Music drama Wagners term for his operas. Page 244 Leitmotifs Leading motive, or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea; widely used in Wagners music dramas. Page 244 Overture Single-movement concert piece for orchestration, typically from the Romantic period and often based on a literary program. Page 221 Incidental music Music written to accompany dramatic works. Page 222 Symphonic poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also tone poem. Page 222 Tone poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also symphonic poem. Page 222 Romantic melody is best described as: Lyrical and Singeable Romantic harmony is best described as: chromatic and treated expressively Which of the following is NOT typical of Romantic music? Select one: a. smaller orchestras b. interest in new orchestral forms c. increased dissonance for expression smaller orchestras Who was NOT an author of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Victor Hugo b. William Shakespeare c. Walter Scott William Shakespeare Nicolà ² Paganini was: a virtuoso violinist Which is NOT a considered a work with an exotic narrative? Select one: a. Madame Butterfly b. Brahmss Symphony No. 2 c. Aà ¯da Brahmss Symphony No. 2 Which is NOT a new instrument added to the Romantic orchestra? Select one: a. piccolo b. English horn c. French horn French horn Musicians and composers achieved a higher social status during the Romantic era than in the Classical era. True Nationalistic feelings inspired composers to incorporate folk songs and dances from their native lands into their works. True Romantic composers rarely used dynamic markings and other expressive comments in their scores to communicate their intentions to musicians. False The Industrial Revolution produced more refined, but also more expensive, musical instruments. false The French Revolution fostered the rise of a middle-class society. True Characteristics in nineteenth-century music reveal an conscious break from the past. True Orchestration was of little value in nineteenth-century composition. false The Bohemian artist rejected the social norms of the establishment. True Nineteenth-century composers sought to make their instruments sing. True Symphonies by Romantic composers are shorter than those of the Classical era. False A song form in which the same melody is repeated for each stanza, often heard in popular music, is known as: strophic form A song form that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections is called: through-composed form A group of Lieder unified by a descriptive or narrative theme is known as a: song cycle A Lied is an art song for solo voice and piano sung in ______. German Schuberts Erlking was written: early in his life The text of The Erlking was written by: Goethe Schubert wrote approximately_____ songs. six hundred Schubert died young from: Syphilis What is the form of Schuberts song Erlking? through-composed What does the triplet rhythm in the piano accompaniment symbolically represent in this song? the horses hooves Which best characterizes the range for the fathers role in the song? low range What expressive technique does Schubert use in the boys cry, My father, my father? high range and dissonance How is the character of the Erlking differentiated musically in the song? medium range and major mode The composer normally writes the lyrics for the Lied. False Lieder composers often set the same text as other Lieder composers true The piano was declining in popularity at the time of the Romantic Lied. False Two prominent German Romantic poets whose texts were often set to music were Heinrich Heine and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. True Romantic Lieder texts often speak of love and/or nature. true Women composers wrote Lieder in the Romantic era. True Schubert wrote symphonies based on the forms established by Classical composers. True According to legend, a child touched by the Erlking must die. True The art song became a popular repertory for amateur and professional musicians in the nineteenth century True Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin spent most of his productive career in: France Chopin was romantically involved with George Sand, the renowned: French novelist Which genre is NOT a part of Chopins compositional output? French novelist Which is the best definition of tempo rubato? robbed time Chopins Mazurka in B-flat minor is set in _____ meter. triple What best describes the character of the Chopins Mazurka? dancelike Chopin paid homage to his Eastern European ancestry by composing: mazurkas and polonaises The piano changed little technically during the nineteenth century. false The piano was the most central instrument in nineteenth-century musical culture. true The short, lyric piano work might be considered the instrumental equivalent to the nineteenth-century Lied. true The nineteenth century was an age of great virtuoso pianists. true Romantic-era piano works often had fanciful titles. true Steinway was important in the history of the Romantic-era piano. true Chopin lived a long and productive life, turning to the church in his later years. false The mazurka was originally a noble, processional dance false Melody plays no role in Chopins piano music. false Who was NOT a woman composer of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel b. George Sand c. Clara Schumann George Sand Which role did women NOT generally play in Romantic society? Select one: a. conductors b. music patrons c. performers and composers conductors Which genre did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel NOT contribute to? Select one: a. songs b. opera c. piano music opera From a trip to which country did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel draw inspiration for her work The Year? Italy During her later years, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was responsible for: organizing the famous family Sunday concerts The aristocratic woman who had an important influence on Liszts later years was: Princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein The overall tempo of the melody in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is best described as adagio The concept of river in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is expressed by: quick-moving notes that accompany the melody The music of which Mendelssohn was overlooked until recently? Moses A lost manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, in her own handwriting, that contained September: At the River was discovered in: 1789 In the recently discovered manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River poetry of which nineteenth-century poet was included: Goethe Women seldom composed for the piano in the Romantic era. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel wrote several large-scale works as well as many Lieder. true Women played a critical role in music making in the nineteenth century, except as teachers. false Music composed for the home was associated with masculine character traits. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was enthusiastically encouraged to pursue a musical career by her family false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel lived a long and productive life. false Each of the pieces in the manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels Das Jahr was originally accompanied by poetry and artwork. true Nineteenth-century songwriters in the United States combined elements of: a. European art song b. both a and b c. opera The songs of which nineteenth-century composer remain popular today? Stephen Foster Fosters My Old Kentucky Home was inspired by: a. his limited visits to the American South b. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin c. both a and b Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is primarily composed in what texture? homophonic, with some polyphony Stephen Foster is known for his ballads, minstrel show tunes, and plantation songs. true Music in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century America was wildly divergent from European traditions. false Stephen Fosters music was popular only after his death. false The term popular means belonging to the people. true The famous American tunes Oh, Susanna!, Beautiful Dreamer, and Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair all were composed by Harry Burleigh. false Stephen Fosters music sympathized with the plight of the slaves in the American South. true The music that accompanies the lyrics of Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair reflects Fosters Anglo-Irish cultural heritage. true Stephen Foster enjoyed tremendous financial success in New York City during his thirties false Stephen Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair was inspired by real life experiences. true Instrumental music that has some literary or pictorial association is called: program music Music lacking any literary or pictorial association is called: absolute music The inspiration for Berliozs Symphonie fantastique was: the actress Harriet Smithson The main theme, heard transformed in each movement of the Symphonie fantastique, is called: the idà ©e fixe Which best describes the character of the fourth movement of Symphonie fantastique? a diabolical march What does the loud chord immediately after the statement of the idà ©e fixe in the solo clarinet at the end of the fourth movement in Berliozs Symphonie fantastique represent? the falling of the guillotines blade In which movement is the Dies irae (Day of Wrath) theme from the Mass for the Dead heard? the fifth Berliozs Symphonie fantastique exemplifies the type of program music known as: the program symphony Which of the following is NOT true about Hector Berlioz? Select one: a. Some of his works have a literary basis. b. He was a German Romantic composer. c. He was a genius at orchestration He was a German Romantic composer. The character development in Sinfonie fantastique is realized musically through the thematic development of the_______. idà ©e fixe One of Berliozs key innovations was his orchestration effects. true Hector Berlioz looked to the writings of Shakespeare as the basis for both operas and symphonic works. true Hector Berlioz wrote a good deal of music that was meant to evoke images and ideas. true Music that is designed without intended literary or pictorial meanings is called program music. false Program music composers do not indicate the intended meaning of the program music. false Which of the following is a type of program music written to accompany plays? incidental music Which term describes a one-movement work for orchestra with a literary program? symphonic poem Which term describes a one-movement work possibly written to introduce a larger work but played independently? concert overture Which composer is generally credited with the first use of the term symphonic poem? Franz Liszt The chief difference between a symphonic poem and a program symphony is: the number of movements in the work Mendelssohns music for Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream is a famous example of: incidental music Which type of program best describes Smetanas The Moldau? geographic/historic, depicting actual events or places Which category of program music best describes The Moldau? symphonic poem Griegs Peer Gynt is a work that suggests _________ nationalism. Scandinavian Which nationalist composer was asked to revise his music to suit a political censor? Verdi The Moldau is part of a cycle of works known as: My Country Composers expressed their nationalism through music by basing their compositions on: a. both a and b b. songs and dances of their people c. the celebration of a national hero, event, or place Bedà ¸ich Smetana represents the: Bohemian nationalist school Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Edvard Grieg represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Antonà ­n Dvoà ¸k represents the: Czech nationalist school Jean Sibelius represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Manuel de Falla represents the: Spanish nationalist school In the nineteenth-century nationalism was not a concern among composers. false Often composers are commissioned to write nationalistic music. true Composers like Tchaikovsky only selected inspiration from their own country in writing program music. false Symphonic poems have between three to five movements. false In the nineteenth century nationalist music was often inspired by folklore. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nineteenth-century symphony? small orchestra with limited winds b. colorful harmonies c. lyrical melodies small orchestra with limited winds The third movement of the nineteenth-century symphony is most likely in: dance or scherzo form The opening melody of the third movement in Brahmss Symphony No. 3 is given to which instrument? . the cellos Which composer nurtured Brahmss talents, taking him into his home? Robert Schumann Brahms wrote his Requiem mass in memory of: his mother How many symphonies did Brahms write? four Unlike the symphonic poem, the genre of symphony is often absolute music, without a program. true The Romantic symphony follows the exact forms and proportions of the Classical genre of Beethoven. false The Romantic symphony cycle typically has three movements. false The first movement of a Romantic symphony is usually the most dramatic and features the use of sonata-allegro form. true The scherzo movement in nineteenth-century symphonies generally is characterized by a slow march tempo. false Romantic composers often wrote a longer last movement of a symphony to balance the first. true The Romantic symphony required a larger orchestra than that of the Classical masters. true Brahms wrote all four of his symphonies after he turned forty. true Brahmss Symphony No. 3 in F major uses none of the forms often found in late eighteenth-century symphonies. false In his Symphony No. 3, Brahms incorporates a melodic idea from the first movement into the other movements as well. true The literary basis for Verdis Rigoletto is: a play by Victor Hugo What is the historical setting for Rigoletto? an Italian court, during the Renaissance era Which is NOT a Verdi opera based on a Shakespeare play? Select one: a. Aida b. Otello c. Falstaff Aida Which Verdi opera is set in Egypt? Aida Which opera did Verdi write based on the story of the king of Babylon? Nabucco In the nineteenth century opera excerpts were marketed to domestic consumers via: four-hand piano arrangements The American debut tour of international singing sensation Jenny Lind was managed by: P. T. Barnum Il barbiere di Siviglia and Guillaume Tell by Gioachino Rossini both exhibit which style of singing? straight-tone Giuseppe Verdi is viewed as an Italian nationalist composer. true Rigoletto is an opera based on Victor Hugos novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame. false Jenny Lind was a famous nineteenth-century composer of opera. false Many Romantic composers looked to faraway lands or cultures for their opera plots. true Nineteenth-century Italian opera is characterized by the use of the bel canto style of singing. true After her husband began to flourish as a composer, Giuseppina Strepponi enjoyed continued success as an opera singer. false In the late nineteenth century France, Germany, and Italy developed distinct national styles. true Light German opera featuring spoken dialogue is called: Singspiel What did Wagner call his large-scale sung theatrical works? music drama How many music dramas make up Wagners The Ring of the Nibelung? four Which term refers to Wagners concept of a total artwork, encompassing all the arts? Gesamtkunstwerk What is the basis for the story of Die Walkà ¼re? a medieval German epic poem There are ____ Valkyries, all daughters of Wotan. nine Which best describes the character of Wotan? the father of the gods A leitmotif is: a recurring melodic theme that signifies something Which instrument precedes Wotans call to Loge? trombone Wagner had a theater built at Bayreuth specifically for the performance of his music dramas. true The role of the Valkyries was to carry fallen heroes from the battlefield to Valhalla on their winged horses. true Wagner employed a recurring theme called an idà ©e fixe in his operas. false Germany is noted for its long-established opera traditions. false While in Dresden Wagner began to choose subjects derived from Germanic tales. true In his music dramas Wagner created short arias that lent themselves to being separated from the larger work for performance at home. true From which source did Verdi select his text for his Requiem? the Roman Catholic Requiem Mass Verdis Requiem is part of which Christian tradition? Lutheran Verdis Requiem was criticized by the Church in the nineteenth century for: being excessively theatrical The Dies irae section of Verdis Requiem contains all of the following, except: Select one: a. soprano solo b. major key tonality c. full orchestral accompaniment major key tonality The Requiem aeternam section of Verdis Requiem is marked by which characteristics? a cappella performance The fully completed Requiem by Verdi was dedicated to whom? Alessandro Manzoni In the Dies irae section of his Requiem Verdi creates a sense of awesome terror through the use of which musical tools? a. both a and b b. dramatic orchestration including brass and percussion c. powerfully dramatic use of loud dynamics The nineteenth century witnessed an increasing interest in social choral-singing. true The nineteenth century was the first time, historically, where secular and sacred music on Christian practice became an issue. false Barbershop quartet music in the United States was influenced by singing traditions in nineteenth-century Europe. true Some of the major composers of choral music in the Romantic era include Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn, Verdi, and Brahms. true Verdi used the complete mass text for his Requiem false Verdis Requiem was written to commemorate the death of his mother: false The tone of Verdis Dies irae section in his Requiem is of quiet contemplitude. false The text of Verdis Requiem is derived from the Catholic tradition. true Prisoners condemned to die in Nazi concentration camps sang Verdis Requiem as an act of defiance. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Impressionist music large-scale forms Some of Ravels music reflects his travels to: Spain The overall form of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun is best described as: sonata-allegro Which genre best describes the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? symphonic poem The program for Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun concerns: a mythological creature in a dreamlike state Which best describes the character of the opening theme of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? chromatic and languorous Which melodic instrument is featured in the opening melody of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? flute The whole-tone scale was a favored device of Impressionist composers. false Impressionist composers use various non-Western scale patterns in their works. true The Paris World Exposition of 1889 provided French composers the opportunity to hear various musical ensembles from around the world. true Impressionist composers often made use of a strongly accented meter. false Neoclassical artists and composers looked back to the Romantic era for inspiration. false Programmatic music continued in the Impressionist period. true Impressionist artists and composers looked to mythological themes for inspiration. true Debussy primarily utilized the sonata-allegro form in his large works. false Many composers in the early twentieth century continued to be influenced by non-Western music. true Debussy is considered to be an Impressionist composer true Debussys music rarely looks to influences from other cultures. false