Slovakia Economic Analysis Essay Example For Students

Slovakia Economic Analysis Essay Country: Slovak Republic Formation of the Slovak RepublicThe Slovak Republic, or Slovakia, is located in Eastern Europe with a population of 5.4 million people and borders the countries of Poland, Austria, the Ukraine, and the Czech Republic (The World Bank). As originally part of the former nation of Czechoslovakia, the Slovak Republic has only recently begun to write its own history (Abizadeh, p. 171). During 1989 many revolts took place against eastern European governments under communism, including Czechoslovakia (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). Both Slovaks and Czechs staged massive protests against communism in Czechoslovakia and ended the communist regime in November 1989 (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). Under the new non-communist system of government, the two republics of Czechoslovakia were established: the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). In June 1990, with the federal and republic-level governments in place, free elections were held for t he first time in the country since 1946 (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). The main concern of the new government was the transformation of Czechoslovakia from a state-controlled to a free market economy (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Disputes arose between the two republics about reform process which focused on privatization, the encouragement of foreign investment, policy of macro-economic stabilization, price liberalization, and liberalization of foreign trade (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). The Czech Republic was more economically developed than the industrial-based economy of Slovakia (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). The transition to a market economy left the Slovak Republic to endure greater economic hardships than the Czech Republic (Sovakia.Org, 20th Century). For example, the federal government chose to dramatically cut the countrys defense industry, resulting in a large decrease in industrial production and a large rise in unemployment in Slovakia (Slovakia.Org, Slovak Economy). This took place because the economy that rose out of the communist era in Slovakia was based on industrial production, particularly on weapons and military equipment (Slovakia.Org, Slovak Economy). There was a great difference of opinions between the Slovaks and Czechs about the nature and pace of economic reform in Czechoslovakia (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). The disagreements delayed the reform process and also the acceptance of a new constitution (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). It became obvious that the current form of government could meet the demands of both republics. As a result, Slovakia declared its sovereignty in July 1992, in other words, its laws took higher priority than those of the federal government (Slovakia.Org, 20th Century). During November the federal parliament chose to officially break up the country, and on January 1 1993, the Slovak and Czech Republic replaced the Czechoslovakia as two independent countries (Abizadeh, p. 171). Recent Growth levels of the Slo vak EconomyThe economic problems that began in the early 1990s still plagued Slovakia after it claimed independence in 1993 (Abizadeh, p. 172). After its first year of independence Slovakias economy was in poor shape with a negative GDP growth of 3.7%, and inflation rate of 25.1%, and an increasing unemployment rate of 14.4% (National Bank of Slovakia). Overall, gross domestic product in Slovak Republic decreased a substantial 23.7% during the years 1990 to 1993. Through a slow reform process, however, positive macro-economic results have been accomplished over the recent years (Slovakia.Org, Slovak Economy). GDP growth has been positive since 1993 and recorded an annual growth of 4.4% in 1998 (The World Bank). Slovakias 1998 GDP per capita of 3,832 USD was very competitive with other central European countries (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). The budget deficit has been brought under control, and at the beginning of 1999, the inflation rate of 5.6% was the lowest among all transit ion economies (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). The decline in the inflation rate was due to developments in the capital markets and the banking sector, a decrease in food prices, price deregulation, and lower producer prices (Abizadeh, p. 172). Unemployment, on the other hand, is still a major problem in the Slovak republic. Since the end of the communist regime the rate of unemployment has been 10% or higher with no signs of improvement (Slovakia.Org, Slovak Economy). Unemployment is related to the consistent regional disparities and the inevitable restructuring of large companies (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). The most important part for Slovakia to convert to a market economy is to continue privatization of state-owned businesses and capital formation within the country (Abizadeh, p. 171). Although the privatization of small firms is complete, this sector still faces challenges such as government policy that favors large enterprises, obtaining financing at affordable interest rates, and an increase in corruption and organized crime (Tradeport). The privatization of large enterprises has also begun. Two major banks have been recently declared available for privatization (Tradeport). A government policy has also been approved that will allow the privatization of up to 25% of Slovak telecommunication (Tradeport). The governments efforts toward privatization have been limited by the amount of capital available in the Slovak economy (Tradeport). Unlike the past, the government is now encouraging foreign investors to participate in the privatization process to provide the needed capital (Abizadeh, p. 178). However, foreign investors seem to have a wait and see view involving changes in government policy that could open or close doors to industry growth and the return on investments (Tradeport). Essays on Generoso Pharmaceutical and Chemicals Inc. EssayForeign TradeInternational trade is an important and essential part of Slovak economic growth (Abizadeh, p. 173). The total volume of foreign trade in Slovakia increased by 16% in 1998. Economic growth in the future will depend on the countrys export performance (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Slovakias primary exports include consumer goods, machine and machine equipment, industrial products, chemicals, raw materials, natural fuel, and foodstuffs (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Exports increased by almost 16% in 1998 (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Leading imports in Slovakia increased by 16.4% in 1998, which included machine and machine equipment, natural fuels, consumer goods, chemicals, industrial products, foodstuffs, and raw material (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Foreign trade with European Union countries increased 35.4% in 1998 as compared to 1997 (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). The European Union is the Slovak Republics main trading partner, which accounted for 52.9% of foreign trade in 1998 (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). An Association Agreement was made between the European Union and the Slovak Republic in 1993 which has had substantial implications for foreign investment and trade in Slovakia (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). The Slovak Republic applied to the European Union in 1995 (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Accession to the European Union is now the main economic and political objective of the Slovak Republic (Slovak Web). Slovakia and the World Trade OrganizationThe former Czechoslovakia became part of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1947 (World Trade Organization). After its independence, the Slovak Republic became a member of the World Trade Organization on January 1, 1995 when the GATT was replaced by the WTO as a permanent international organization (World Trade Organization). One of the main principles of Slovakias foreign trade policy is to continue the liberalization of exports and imports (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). This principle is best applied by using market mechanisms to promote exports while protecting domestic producers and consumers (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). The WTO provides the framework for Slovakia to apply the use of market mechanisms to promote free and fair trade among domestic and foreign companies, all in conformity within international law (Embassy of the Slovak Republic). Unlike the GATT, the WTO deals with tangible as well as intangible goods. Thi s is important to the Slovak Republic because of the increase in services during recent years. ReferencesAbizadeh, Sohrab. The Return of Mitteleuropa. Commack, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 1998. Embassy of the Slovak Republic, Business and Economy, Washington, D.C., December 1999. (Located in the World Wide Web at http://slovakemb.com). National Bank of Slovakia, Selected Macro-economic Indicators, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. (Located in the World Wide Web at http://www.nbs.sk). Slovakia.Org, Slovak Economy. (Located in the World Wide Web at http://www.slovakia.org). Slovakia.Org, 20th Century. (Located in the World Wide Web at http://www.slovakia.org). SlovakWeb, The Slovak Republic and Its Economic Development, 1999, (Located in the World Wide Web at http://www.slovakweb.com). The World Bank Group, Slovak Republic at a Glance. (Located in the World Wide Web at http://www.worldbank.org). Tradeport, Slovakia Economic Trends and Outlook, September 1999. (Located in the World Wide Web at http://www.tradeport.com). World Trade Organization, About the WTO, Geneva, Switzerland, March 2000. (Located in the World Wide Web at http://www.wo.org). Economics Essays

Mythical Solutions to 3 Body Paragraph Essay Samples for 6th Graders Disclosed

Mythical Solutions to 3 Body Paragraph Essay Samples for 6th Graders Disclosed 3 Body Paragraph Essay Samples for 6th Graders: No Longer a Mystery Each card consists of an exceptional writing example! Click the image below to get to the join page. If you need an example written by means of a student check out our vast selection of absolutely free student models. Imagine the simplicity and convenience of having all your kilts and accessories in 1 place. Know you may convince your readers to back up your status in the essay using three distinct strategies. Personal Response to literature is dependent upon the recognition of the theme in the part of literature you're responding to. Students also utilized the debate section of the on-line troubles. This article sxith on the prior. The Chronicles of 3 Body Paragraph Essay Samples for 6th Graders The very first sentence of each paragraph should play off the previous sentence of the prior paragraph to provide a smooth transitio n. Nowadays you own a body paragraph. The 3 body paragraphs are the basis of the essay. They are absolutely crucial to the success of the five paragraph essay. The introduction has become the most important paragraph because it gives direction for the full essay. The tradition of writing paragraphs is necessary to good writing. Again, this paragraph doesn't have room to contain everything a complete five-paragraph essay might. Introduction the introductory paragraph should incorporate these elements. Keeping a consistent voice within the body paragraphs, and the remainder of the essay, is also an additional ability that sixth-grade teachers are likely to be on the lookout for when grading. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting an excellent grade. 17Th-Century nordic nations. But the kind of argument which will be talked about within this guide would be the second definition. To begin with, you may use reasons backed by facts to talk in your favor. It doesn't need to be a public spectacle in the shape of a debate. Now lets look at some essays conclusion examples to provide you wit h a clearer idea of the way that it works in practice. The very best aspect of this type of assignment is its plasticity in conditions of different essay styles. Fortunately there are a few basic rules you may follow to ensure. Voids would be glazed in the conventional way. Be certain you do not present any new data in the conclusion. A Startling Fact about 3 Body Paragraph Essay Samples for 6th Graders Uncovered Convenience was the key goal whenever the Kilt Kit was designed. It's straightforward to prepare, use and manage, which means that your company can concentrate on what really matters. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Absolutely free canadian small business plan program. There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. When ever you opt to ask us for skilled guidance, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. It is possible to also become many discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Even in the event the deadline is actually tight, feel free to get hold of our managers. Want to Know More About 3 Body Paragraph Essay Samples for 6th Graders? Most writers will miss something which others are going to naturally see. It's great to get this done because students can definitely understand the connection of the sort of writing and reading they'll want to do later on. People today argue all of the time. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Besides these, 1 writer suggested that the literary part of Coleridge was an autobiography. It really isn't the only format for writing an essay, obviously, but it's a beneficial model for you to keep. I hope that after you read the rest of this blog post, you are going to have a good comprehension of how to teach and grade five paragraph essays. These essay topics may be used since they are written, or modified to suit the requirements of the assignment. Yet, the goal of this guide is to show you precisely how simple it is to compose the perfect 5 paragraph essay. You can also see essay examples. When you start to compose your essay for a standardized test, you have to first decide what kind of essay you are being requested to write. This kind of essay may be beneficial for beginning writers as it delivers the organizational structure of a lengthier essay without requiring the length. The 5 paragraph essay is thought of as the typical essay writing assignment.

List of Global History Thematic Essay Topics

List of Global History Thematic Essay TopicsList of Global History Thematic Essay Topics can be used to write a history paper and an essay. Students in history courses, even if they do not use them for assignments, can use the topics as a tool to help them focus on their topic. The essays students write will not only be good overall academic papers, but they will also be entertaining. They will also show how the history of the world is reflected in many different types of sources.There are several ways to approach historical essays. Some essays will be based around facts, while others will be a story with arguments. Students should know how to research and put together sources from the various historical periods they are investigating. Their choices are as wide as the ages covered by each historical period. The Essay Topic of Global History may take the form of a book report with additional material written at the end, or it may be an essay in which the student chooses their own sour ce.All the same, the essay topics are similar in their theme. Students can choose a topic about one of the major conflicts that have shaped world history and explore what led to this war. During World War II, people fought for freedom, honor, and status. This can be examined during the essay's theme.Warlords, religion, commerce, and politics have all played roles in shaping the modern world. The history of this period can also be explored, because it was an important part of the development of society. Ideas about the nature of power, personal value, and individual self-interest can be discussed.Political revolutions, modern ideas, and major technological achievements are all issues that should be addressed during a historical essay. Before they were commonly taught, students were typically taught one of these topics per class. Modern technology has led to the advancement of mankind's ability to communicate and discover new things.A combination of these themes, different historical eras, and methods of researching can be used to write a well-written history essay. The topics should be chosen carefully, but there are several well-known themes.One of the more famous themes is the military topic. History of military history will cover battles from all time periods and will include a variety of wars and conflicts. Peace and war will be discussed as well. Themes like progress and social evolution are also well-known and can be used to discuss the evolution of mankind over time.There are a number of different lists of Global History Thematic Essay Topics. These lists usually have both chronological and thematic categories. Knowing these lists is a great way to help students decide which topic they should choose, and then start researching for their topic.

Research Paper Topics For 8th Graders - Parents Help to Make Your Childs Research Paper a Success

Research Paper Topics For 8th Graders - Parents' Help to Make Your Child's Research Paper a SuccessIf you are a parent, you may have some concerns as to the topics that are given in the research paper topics for 8th graders. After all, your child is the most important person on the planet, and it is not enough for them to know facts, but they should also be able to apply them in an intelligent manner. Well, parents should also realize that their kids need help with the topic for their research papers. As they are not yet allowed to get help from their teacher, they will have to be the ones to fill up the required portions.In many schools, these studies have been taken so seriously that some teachers have even been arrested for giving inaccurate information. Hence, it is very important for parents to give their child some help in making the most of the research paper topics for 8th graders. You can do this by reading the paper. This will give you a clear idea about what should be put in the paper. So, do that and then sit back and let your child go on to fill up the rest of the subjects in the paper.So, there are a few schools that make the students answer some questions before they start the paper. The study guide that accompanies these projects will tell you all about the questions that are asked and how the questions are answered. This will give you an idea of what the parents and teachers want from you as a parent.It is always advisable to do some extra work, especially when it comes to your child's college or course. In addition to asking about your child's career, the guide will also tell you about the topics that are given in their research paper for 8th graders. Also, you will find that you will have to do a lot of editing yourself. This is because the research papers and course work will have several paragraphs and not all of them will be grammatically correct. Thus, the editing part has to be done by you.You will have to think of some things like the s pelling of words and the way the research paper topics for 8th graders will be organized. This is because every study guide will have different types of grammar and there is nothing worse than having to correct the errors in a research paper. You will have to check the grammatical norms in the college or course before you start. This is the best way to avoid too much trouble.You should also read through the different types of questions that are asked for research papers. Make sure that the questions are suitable for the research paper. The guide will also tell you that the college or course has different courses and you will have to make sure that the questions will fit well into the course. Therefore, you can find some relief in this by reading the guide first.But, remember that when you teach the research paper topics for 8th graders, you should be very careful in handling the subjects that your child wants to write about. You should always remember that you should also be giving them the help that they need. This is why parents should always be very careful about the research paper topics for 8th graders that they assign to their children.

Achieving Academic Goals With A Sample Essay

Achieving Academic Goals With A Sample EssayAcademic goal sample essays help students and adults to express their thoughts clearly. In order to get the best results from the use of sample essays, the writer should make sure that they are written in a structured manner. This will help readers to understand better what is meant when they read the essay.Students should be able to find the academic goals on a website, in the college's or high school library, or on the internet. It is best to begin with an academic goal that is easy to grasp. If it is hard to understand, you may want to write about a different subject instead.For students to do well on a test, academic goals must include two items. First, the essay must test the student's ability to write clear, succinctly and correctly. Second, the essay must include the student's reasons for writing the essay. Other things that should be included in the academic goals are things like class participation, number of credit hours, and othe r major contributions made.This second item is important because most students often take into account the educational level of their advisor when writing their goal. This would not be very helpful if the goal is too high. For this reason, it is best to limit the goal to a specific class or level of study.Of course, when students do well on a test, they should also remember to provide any extra information about their current coursework. The section where students can demonstrate their abilities to write about their current coursework includes time spent studying, type of books read, and extracurricular activities. These examples show how a student can maximize their academic goals.If students have questions about their academic goals, they should ask for guidance. That way, they will have confidence that they can achieve the goals they set. If a student is unsure about how to write an essay, he or she should speak with a teacher who can guide them through the process.Once a student has gained confidence in writing an academic goal, they should learn what other people think of these types of essays. Once this happens, they will find it easier to write a more professional essay.Whether it is for an essay, a report, or a book, students should aim to write something effective that reflects their goals. This will make it easier for them to obtain the academic success they desire.

The Kkk Essays - Anti-Catholicism In The United States, Ku Klux Klan

The Kkk The Ku Klux Klan, or KKK as known today, was started in the spring of 1866. Six Confederate veterans formed a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee. This KKK only lasted a short six years, but left tactics and rituals that later started in generations. (Ingalls, 9) The Klan was a small group very much in secrecy at first. The exact date of the beginning is unknown. Despite all of the secrecy the six KKK members initiated new members to join their social club. (Ingalls, 9) A year after the creation of the KKK, the onetime social club joined the raising campaign against the Republican Reconstruction. The new direction of the Klan was well planned and organized. The Klan was now ready to expand to a bigger group. The Klan adopted a prescript. This was an organizational structure allowing the Klan to spread across the south. New members had to be over 18, pay $1, sworn to secrecy, recruits pledged to protect the weak, the innocent, and the defenseless, from the indignities, wrongs, and outrages of the lawless, the violent, and the brutal. The highly centralized plan for expanding the KKK spread so rapidly that most chapters operated alone. The founders of the KKK lost control, and it became impossible to talk about a single KKK. Yet Klan activities still followed a common pattern throughout the south. (Ingalls 11-12) The Klan now started to spread across Tennessee. At first the Klan used tricks to keep blacks in their place. At first, the Klan would ride around on horses, and with their white robes, and white pointed masks, try to scare blacks. They would try to act like ghost with their white uniforms. Unfortunately, the Klan quickly moved to more violent pranks. (Ingalls, 12) The Klan would now suppress blacks. The Klan leaders proved unable to control their followers. Although the violence was often random, there was a method in the madness. The victims were almost always black or if white, associated with the hatred of the Republican party. The Klan had fear of black equality and sparked attacks on schools setup for freed slaves. The Klan would warn the blacks not to attend school, and would scare the teachers, most from out of state, to leave town. (Ingalls 12-13) Many groups started forming around the south called the Ku Kluxers. The Klan was being noticed as The Invisible Empire. However and wherever Klan's were formed they all followed the same pattern set by the Tennessee Klan. The Klan became the greatest terror in 1868, when their attacks were against Republicans and elect democrats. Thousands of blacks and whites fell victim to the murders and beatings given by the KKK. (Ingalls, 13) In 1869, General Forrest, the Grand Wizard of the KKK ordered Klansmen to restrict their activities. The Klan was getting out of control, and Congress passed a Ku Klux Klan Act in 1871. By the end of 1872, the federal crackdown had taken control of the KKK. Because of the restriction and the Act passed, violence was isolated but still continued. The KKK was dead, and Reconstruction lived on in southern legend . This would not be the last of the KKK. On the night of Thanksgiving in 1915, sixteen men from Atlanta, Georgia climbed to the top of Stone Mountain and built an altar of stones on which they placed an American flag. They then stood up a sixteen foot long cross and burned it. One week later, this group applied for a state charter making it The Knights of the KKK, Inc. This was put in effect during the Reconstruction. The new Klan at first received little attention. Only in time, it became the biggest and most powerful Klan in history. Klan membership was limited to native-born, white, Protestant American Men. The Klan message was clearly to appeal to people who were troubled by abrupt changes in American Society. (Ingalls, 16-17) Many believe that the biggest growth of the KKK began when Colonel Simmons, considerably the founder of the new KKK, linked up with Edward Young Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler. In June 1920, Clarke and Simmons signed a contract that guaranteed Clarke a share of Klan profits. Clarke and Tyler would receive a good amount of money for every new KKK member, which the fee would be $10.00, $4.00 went to the Kleagle (an official in the KKK), $1 went to the King Kleagle (state leader of the Klan), $.50 to the Grand Goblin, and $2.50 to Clarke and Tyler. The final $2.00

Section 5 Essays

Section 5 Essays Section 5 Paper Section 5 Paper What is a trophic state of a water body, and what factors influence this state? †¦? Factors influencing are P, Chlorophyll, and turbidity.Temperature, pH, sediment load, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metalsOligotrophic: BlueEutrophic: GreenMesotrophic: In between. What factors affect the temperature of a water body? Water upstream, ground water vs. surface run off. What factors affect the pH of a water body? Acids and bases. Inputs and by alkalinity and acid neutralizing capacity. What factors affect the dissolved oxygen of a water body? Affected by temperature, altitude, turbulence, and partial pressure in the dissolved phase (autotrophs). Oxygenating bodies increases degradation of organic matter load and can be applied as a restoration technique. How can high sediment load impair water quality? It delivers nutrients and toxins, shade water columns, fills pore space, water temperature, habitat†¦? Which two elements are â€Å"nutrients†, and what are sources of these nutrients to water bodies? Nitrogen and Phosphorous – most commonly limit growth of aquatic plants and algae. Sources: Natural fixation, fertilized, fossil fuel combustion. Define eutrophication, and list some of its harmful consequences. Process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth. Negative effects can include hypoxia (depletion of oxygen in the water†¦ can result in reductions in fish and other animal populations). Excessive algae, their death results in depletion of oxygen in water. Related Papers Lab interreach variability The Nitrogen Cycle Changes in the Earth’s Atmosphere Human Influences on the Environment My Role in Preserving Natural Resources Pond Water Section 6: Juliet is alone on stage What is a Sewage Treatment Plant? How to cite this page Choose cite format: Section 5. (2018, Feb 04). 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Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now section 5 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Orchestration The technique of setting music for instruments in various combinations. Page 192 Through-composed Song structure that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of large sections. Page 196 Modified strophic form Song structure that combines elements of strophic and through-composed forms; a variation of strophic form in which a section might have a new key, rhythm, or varied melodic pattern. Page 196 Lied German for song; most commonly associated with the solo art song of the nineteenth century, usually accompanied by piano. Page 195 Lieder Plural of Lied. Page 196 Song cycle Group of songs, usually Lieder, that are unified musically or through their texts. Page 196 Art song A song that sets a text connected to a tradition of high-art poetry. See also Lied. Page 195 Strophic form Song structure in which the same music is repeated with every stanza (strophe) of the poem. Page 196 Rubato Borrowed time; common in Romantic music, in which the performer hesitates here or hurries forward there, imparting flexibility to the written note values. Also tempo rubato. Page 204 Minstrel shows Racially charged theatrical variety shows featuring white performers in blackface, acting out idealized scenes from the plantation. Page 212 Minstrelsy See minstrel show. Page 213 Absolute music Music that has no literary, dramatic, or pictorial program. Also called pure music. Page 228 Bel canto Beautiful singing; elegant Italian vocal style characterized by florid melodic lines delivered by voices of great agility, smoothness, and purity of tone. Page 234 Impressionism A French movement developed by visual artists who favored vague, blurring images intended to capture an impression of the subject. Impressionism in music is characterized by exotic scales, unresolved dissonances, parallel chords, rich orchestral tone color, and free rhythm. Page 256 Ninth chord Five-note chord spanning a ninth between its lowest and highest pitches. Page 256 Program music Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations, especially popular in the nineteenth century. Page 216 Thematic transformation Musical expansion of a theme by varying its melodic outline, harmony, or rhythm. Also thematic transformation. Page 218 Singspiel Comic German drama with spoken dialogue; the immediate predecessor of Romantic German opera. Page 242 Music drama Wagners term for his operas. Page 244 Leitmotifs Leading motive, or basic recurring theme, representing a person, object, or idea; widely used in Wagners music dramas. Page 244 Overture Single-movement concert piece for orchestration, typically from the Romantic period and often based on a literary program. Page 221 Incidental music Music written to accompany dramatic works. Page 222 Symphonic poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also tone poem. Page 222 Tone poem One-movement orchestral form that develops a poetic idea, suggests a scene, or creates a mood, generally associated with the Romantic era. Also symphonic poem. Page 222 Romantic melody is best described as: Lyrical and Singeable Romantic harmony is best described as: chromatic and treated expressively Which of the following is NOT typical of Romantic music? Select one: a. smaller orchestras b. interest in new orchestral forms c. increased dissonance for expression smaller orchestras Who was NOT an author of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Victor Hugo b. William Shakespeare c. Walter Scott William Shakespeare Nicolà ² Paganini was: a virtuoso violinist Which is NOT a considered a work with an exotic narrative? Select one: a. Madame Butterfly b. Brahmss Symphony No. 2 c. Aà ¯da Brahmss Symphony No. 2 Which is NOT a new instrument added to the Romantic orchestra? Select one: a. piccolo b. English horn c. French horn French horn Musicians and composers achieved a higher social status during the Romantic era than in the Classical era. True Nationalistic feelings inspired composers to incorporate folk songs and dances from their native lands into their works. True Romantic composers rarely used dynamic markings and other expressive comments in their scores to communicate their intentions to musicians. False The Industrial Revolution produced more refined, but also more expensive, musical instruments. false The French Revolution fostered the rise of a middle-class society. True Characteristics in nineteenth-century music reveal an conscious break from the past. True Orchestration was of little value in nineteenth-century composition. false The Bohemian artist rejected the social norms of the establishment. True Nineteenth-century composers sought to make their instruments sing. True Symphonies by Romantic composers are shorter than those of the Classical era. False A song form in which the same melody is repeated for each stanza, often heard in popular music, is known as: strophic form A song form that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections is called: through-composed form A group of Lieder unified by a descriptive or narrative theme is known as a: song cycle A Lied is an art song for solo voice and piano sung in ______. German Schuberts Erlking was written: early in his life The text of The Erlking was written by: Goethe Schubert wrote approximately_____ songs. six hundred Schubert died young from: Syphilis What is the form of Schuberts song Erlking? through-composed What does the triplet rhythm in the piano accompaniment symbolically represent in this song? the horses hooves Which best characterizes the range for the fathers role in the song? low range What expressive technique does Schubert use in the boys cry, My father, my father? high range and dissonance How is the character of the Erlking differentiated musically in the song? medium range and major mode The composer normally writes the lyrics for the Lied. False Lieder composers often set the same text as other Lieder composers true The piano was declining in popularity at the time of the Romantic Lied. False Two prominent German Romantic poets whose texts were often set to music were Heinrich Heine and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. True Romantic Lieder texts often speak of love and/or nature. true Women composers wrote Lieder in the Romantic era. True Schubert wrote symphonies based on the forms established by Classical composers. True According to legend, a child touched by the Erlking must die. True The art song became a popular repertory for amateur and professional musicians in the nineteenth century True Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin spent most of his productive career in: France Chopin was romantically involved with George Sand, the renowned: French novelist Which genre is NOT a part of Chopins compositional output? French novelist Which is the best definition of tempo rubato? robbed time Chopins Mazurka in B-flat minor is set in _____ meter. triple What best describes the character of the Chopins Mazurka? dancelike Chopin paid homage to his Eastern European ancestry by composing: mazurkas and polonaises The piano changed little technically during the nineteenth century. false The piano was the most central instrument in nineteenth-century musical culture. true The short, lyric piano work might be considered the instrumental equivalent to the nineteenth-century Lied. true The nineteenth century was an age of great virtuoso pianists. true Romantic-era piano works often had fanciful titles. true Steinway was important in the history of the Romantic-era piano. true Chopin lived a long and productive life, turning to the church in his later years. false The mazurka was originally a noble, processional dance false Melody plays no role in Chopins piano music. false Who was NOT a woman composer of the Romantic era? Select one: a. Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel b. George Sand c. Clara Schumann George Sand Which role did women NOT generally play in Romantic society? Select one: a. conductors b. music patrons c. performers and composers conductors Which genre did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel NOT contribute to? Select one: a. songs b. opera c. piano music opera From a trip to which country did Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel draw inspiration for her work The Year? Italy During her later years, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was responsible for: organizing the famous family Sunday concerts The aristocratic woman who had an important influence on Liszts later years was: Princess Carolyne Sayn-Wittgenstein The overall tempo of the melody in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is best described as adagio The concept of river in September: At the River by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is expressed by: quick-moving notes that accompany the melody The music of which Mendelssohn was overlooked until recently? Moses A lost manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, in her own handwriting, that contained September: At the River was discovered in: 1789 In the recently discovered manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River poetry of which nineteenth-century poet was included: Goethe Women seldom composed for the piano in the Romantic era. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel wrote several large-scale works as well as many Lieder. true Women played a critical role in music making in the nineteenth century, except as teachers. false Music composed for the home was associated with masculine character traits. false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was enthusiastically encouraged to pursue a musical career by her family false Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel lived a long and productive life. false Each of the pieces in the manuscript of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels Das Jahr was originally accompanied by poetry and artwork. true Nineteenth-century songwriters in the United States combined elements of: a. European art song b. both a and b c. opera The songs of which nineteenth-century composer remain popular today? Stephen Foster Fosters My Old Kentucky Home was inspired by: a. his limited visits to the American South b. Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin c. both a and b Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is primarily composed in what texture? homophonic, with some polyphony Stephen Foster is known for his ballads, minstrel show tunes, and plantation songs. true Music in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century America was wildly divergent from European traditions. false Stephen Fosters music was popular only after his death. false The term popular means belonging to the people. true The famous American tunes Oh, Susanna!, Beautiful Dreamer, and Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair all were composed by Harry Burleigh. false Stephen Fosters music sympathized with the plight of the slaves in the American South. true The music that accompanies the lyrics of Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair reflects Fosters Anglo-Irish cultural heritage. true Stephen Foster enjoyed tremendous financial success in New York City during his thirties false Stephen Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair was inspired by real life experiences. true Instrumental music that has some literary or pictorial association is called: program music Music lacking any literary or pictorial association is called: absolute music The inspiration for Berliozs Symphonie fantastique was: the actress Harriet Smithson The main theme, heard transformed in each movement of the Symphonie fantastique, is called: the idà ©e fixe Which best describes the character of the fourth movement of Symphonie fantastique? a diabolical march What does the loud chord immediately after the statement of the idà ©e fixe in the solo clarinet at the end of the fourth movement in Berliozs Symphonie fantastique represent? the falling of the guillotines blade In which movement is the Dies irae (Day of Wrath) theme from the Mass for the Dead heard? the fifth Berliozs Symphonie fantastique exemplifies the type of program music known as: the program symphony Which of the following is NOT true about Hector Berlioz? Select one: a. Some of his works have a literary basis. b. He was a German Romantic composer. c. He was a genius at orchestration He was a German Romantic composer. The character development in Sinfonie fantastique is realized musically through the thematic development of the_______. idà ©e fixe One of Berliozs key innovations was his orchestration effects. true Hector Berlioz looked to the writings of Shakespeare as the basis for both operas and symphonic works. true Hector Berlioz wrote a good deal of music that was meant to evoke images and ideas. true Music that is designed without intended literary or pictorial meanings is called program music. false Program music composers do not indicate the intended meaning of the program music. false Which of the following is a type of program music written to accompany plays? incidental music Which term describes a one-movement work for orchestra with a literary program? symphonic poem Which term describes a one-movement work possibly written to introduce a larger work but played independently? concert overture Which composer is generally credited with the first use of the term symphonic poem? Franz Liszt The chief difference between a symphonic poem and a program symphony is: the number of movements in the work Mendelssohns music for Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream is a famous example of: incidental music Which type of program best describes Smetanas The Moldau? geographic/historic, depicting actual events or places Which category of program music best describes The Moldau? symphonic poem Griegs Peer Gynt is a work that suggests _________ nationalism. Scandinavian Which nationalist composer was asked to revise his music to suit a political censor? Verdi The Moldau is part of a cycle of works known as: My Country Composers expressed their nationalism through music by basing their compositions on: a. both a and b b. songs and dances of their people c. the celebration of a national hero, event, or place Bedà ¸ich Smetana represents the: Bohemian nationalist school Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: Edvard Grieg represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Antonà ­n Dvoà ¸k represents the: Czech nationalist school Jean Sibelius represents the: Scandinavian nationalist school Manuel de Falla represents the: Spanish nationalist school In the nineteenth-century nationalism was not a concern among composers. false Often composers are commissioned to write nationalistic music. true Composers like Tchaikovsky only selected inspiration from their own country in writing program music. false Symphonic poems have between three to five movements. false In the nineteenth century nationalist music was often inspired by folklore. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nineteenth-century symphony? small orchestra with limited winds b. colorful harmonies c. lyrical melodies small orchestra with limited winds The third movement of the nineteenth-century symphony is most likely in: dance or scherzo form The opening melody of the third movement in Brahmss Symphony No. 3 is given to which instrument? . the cellos Which composer nurtured Brahmss talents, taking him into his home? Robert Schumann Brahms wrote his Requiem mass in memory of: his mother How many symphonies did Brahms write? four Unlike the symphonic poem, the genre of symphony is often absolute music, without a program. true The Romantic symphony follows the exact forms and proportions of the Classical genre of Beethoven. false The Romantic symphony cycle typically has three movements. false The first movement of a Romantic symphony is usually the most dramatic and features the use of sonata-allegro form. true The scherzo movement in nineteenth-century symphonies generally is characterized by a slow march tempo. false Romantic composers often wrote a longer last movement of a symphony to balance the first. true The Romantic symphony required a larger orchestra than that of the Classical masters. true Brahms wrote all four of his symphonies after he turned forty. true Brahmss Symphony No. 3 in F major uses none of the forms often found in late eighteenth-century symphonies. false In his Symphony No. 3, Brahms incorporates a melodic idea from the first movement into the other movements as well. true The literary basis for Verdis Rigoletto is: a play by Victor Hugo What is the historical setting for Rigoletto? an Italian court, during the Renaissance era Which is NOT a Verdi opera based on a Shakespeare play? Select one: a. Aida b. Otello c. Falstaff Aida Which Verdi opera is set in Egypt? Aida Which opera did Verdi write based on the story of the king of Babylon? Nabucco In the nineteenth century opera excerpts were marketed to domestic consumers via: four-hand piano arrangements The American debut tour of international singing sensation Jenny Lind was managed by: P. T. Barnum Il barbiere di Siviglia and Guillaume Tell by Gioachino Rossini both exhibit which style of singing? straight-tone Giuseppe Verdi is viewed as an Italian nationalist composer. true Rigoletto is an opera based on Victor Hugos novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame. false Jenny Lind was a famous nineteenth-century composer of opera. false Many Romantic composers looked to faraway lands or cultures for their opera plots. true Nineteenth-century Italian opera is characterized by the use of the bel canto style of singing. true After her husband began to flourish as a composer, Giuseppina Strepponi enjoyed continued success as an opera singer. false In the late nineteenth century France, Germany, and Italy developed distinct national styles. true Light German opera featuring spoken dialogue is called: Singspiel What did Wagner call his large-scale sung theatrical works? music drama How many music dramas make up Wagners The Ring of the Nibelung? four Which term refers to Wagners concept of a total artwork, encompassing all the arts? Gesamtkunstwerk What is the basis for the story of Die Walkà ¼re? a medieval German epic poem There are ____ Valkyries, all daughters of Wotan. nine Which best describes the character of Wotan? the father of the gods A leitmotif is: a recurring melodic theme that signifies something Which instrument precedes Wotans call to Loge? trombone Wagner had a theater built at Bayreuth specifically for the performance of his music dramas. true The role of the Valkyries was to carry fallen heroes from the battlefield to Valhalla on their winged horses. true Wagner employed a recurring theme called an idà ©e fixe in his operas. false Germany is noted for its long-established opera traditions. false While in Dresden Wagner began to choose subjects derived from Germanic tales. true In his music dramas Wagner created short arias that lent themselves to being separated from the larger work for performance at home. true From which source did Verdi select his text for his Requiem? the Roman Catholic Requiem Mass Verdis Requiem is part of which Christian tradition? Lutheran Verdis Requiem was criticized by the Church in the nineteenth century for: being excessively theatrical The Dies irae section of Verdis Requiem contains all of the following, except: Select one: a. soprano solo b. major key tonality c. full orchestral accompaniment major key tonality The Requiem aeternam section of Verdis Requiem is marked by which characteristics? a cappella performance The fully completed Requiem by Verdi was dedicated to whom? Alessandro Manzoni In the Dies irae section of his Requiem Verdi creates a sense of awesome terror through the use of which musical tools? a. both a and b b. dramatic orchestration including brass and percussion c. powerfully dramatic use of loud dynamics The nineteenth century witnessed an increasing interest in social choral-singing. true The nineteenth century was the first time, historically, where secular and sacred music on Christian practice became an issue. false Barbershop quartet music in the United States was influenced by singing traditions in nineteenth-century Europe. true Some of the major composers of choral music in the Romantic era include Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn, Verdi, and Brahms. true Verdi used the complete mass text for his Requiem false Verdis Requiem was written to commemorate the death of his mother: false The tone of Verdis Dies irae section in his Requiem is of quiet contemplitude. false The text of Verdis Requiem is derived from the Catholic tradition. true Prisoners condemned to die in Nazi concentration camps sang Verdis Requiem as an act of defiance. true Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Impressionist music large-scale forms Some of Ravels music reflects his travels to: Spain The overall form of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun is best described as: sonata-allegro Which genre best describes the Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? symphonic poem The program for Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun concerns: a mythological creature in a dreamlike state Which best describes the character of the opening theme of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? chromatic and languorous Which melodic instrument is featured in the opening melody of Debussys Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun? flute The whole-tone scale was a favored device of Impressionist composers. false Impressionist composers use various non-Western scale patterns in their works. true The Paris World Exposition of 1889 provided French composers the opportunity to hear various musical ensembles from around the world. true Impressionist composers often made use of a strongly accented meter. false Neoclassical artists and composers looked back to the Romantic era for inspiration. false Programmatic music continued in the Impressionist period. true Impressionist artists and composers looked to mythological themes for inspiration. true Debussy primarily utilized the sonata-allegro form in his large works. false Many composers in the early twentieth century continued to be influenced by non-Western music. true Debussy is considered to be an Impressionist composer true Debussys music rarely looks to influences from other cultures. false